(Japanese_MFA_dictionary_v2_0_0)= # Japanese MFA dictionary v2.0.0 ``````{dictionary} Japanese MFA dictionary v2.0.0 :id: "Japanese MFA dictionary v2_0_0" :tags: Japanese;MFA;IPA :language: "Japanese" :dialect: N/A :layout: mfa :template: dictionary_template :phoneset: "MFA" :license: "CC BY 4.0" ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/japanese/mfa/v2.0.0/README.md :start-after: "## Dictionary details" :end-before: "## Installation" ``` `````` ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/japanese/mfa/v2.0.0/README.md :start-after: "new)." ``` ## IPA Charts ### Consonants Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced. ``````{list-table} :header-rows: 1 :stub-columns: 1 :class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered * - Manner - Labial - Labiodental - Alveolar - Palatal - Velar - Uvular - Glottal * - {manner}`Nasal` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * m * Occurrences: 17942 * Examples * すしづめ: [s ɨ̥ ɕ i z ɨ m e] * 蒲公英: [t a m p o p o] * あつめる: [a ts ɨ m e ɾ ɯ] * 見どころ: [m i d o k o ɾ o] * mʲ * Occurrences: 154 * Examples * ミュンヘン: [mʲ ɨ ɰ̃ h e ɴ] * ミュレット: [mʲ ɨ ɾ e tː o] * みゃくせき: [mʲ a k ɯ s e c i] * 脈あり: [mʲ a k ɯ a ɾ i] * mʲː * Occurrences: 31 * Examples * ほんみょう: [h o mʲː oː] * ぶんみゃく: [b ɯ mʲː a k ɯ] * 三藐三菩提: [s a mʲː a k ɯ s a m b o d a i] * はんみょう: [h a mʲː oː] * mː * Occurrences: 540 * Examples * 秋刀魚: [s a mː a] * 勤務先: [c i mː ɯ s a c i] * かんむり座: [k a mː ɯ ɾ i z a] * えんむしつ: [e mː ɯ ɕ i̥ ts ɨ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * n * Occurrences: 11704 * Examples * ネチケット: [n e tɕ i̥ k e tː o] * ウガンダ: [ɯ ɡ a n d a] * 楽天的: [ɾ a k ɯ t e n t e c i] * 伴って: [t o m o n a tː e] * nː * Occurrences: 380 * Examples * いろんな: [i ɾ o nː a] * 万年筆: [m a nː e ɰ̃ ɸ ɯ d e] * てんのう: [t e nː oː] * 天王星: [t e nː oː s eː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɲ * Occurrences: 4985 * Examples * パタゴニア: [p a t a ɡ o ɲ i a] * ざんりゅう: [dz a ɲ ɾʲ ɨː] * インジウム: [i ɲ dʑ i ɯ m ɯ] * くにぐに: [k ɯ ɲ i ɡ ɯ ɲ i] * ɲː * Occurrences: 155 * Examples * かんにゅう: [k a ɲː ɨː] * ヤンニョム: [j a ɲː o m ɯ] * ばんにん: [b a ɲː i ɴ] * しんにん: [ɕ i ɲː i ɴ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ŋ * Occurrences: 2993 * Examples * 神経学: [ɕ i ŋ k eː ɡ a k ɯ] * まんけん: [m a ŋ k e ɴ] * とんがる: [t o ŋ ɡ a ɾ ɯ] * 三味線貝: [ɕ a m i s e ŋ ɡ a i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɴ * Occurrences: 10160 * Examples * 優柔不断: [j ɨː ʑ ɨː ɸ ɯ d a ɴ] * きずいせん: [c i z ɨ i s e ɴ] * アフガン: [a ɸ ɯ ɡ a ɴ] * さくぶん: [s a k ɯ b ɯ ɴ] * ɴː * Occurrences: 3 * Examples * うーん: [ɴː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Stop` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * p * Occurrences: 2882 * Examples * 蒲公英: [t a m p o p o] * パタゴニア: [p a t a ɡ o ɲ i a] * タイプ: [t a i p ɯ] * テンペラ: [t e m p e ɾ a] * pː * Occurrences: 715 * Examples * ペッパー: [p e pː aː] * 掻っ払い: [k a pː a ɾ a i] * れっぷ: [ɾ e pː ɯ] * ハラッパー: [h a ɾ a pː aː] * voiced * b * Occurrences: 9799 * Examples * 海老鯛: [e b i t a i] * こぼす: [k o b o s ɨ] * ベック: [b e kː ɯ] * さくぶん: [s a k ɯ b ɯ ɴ] * bː * Occurrences: 4 * Examples * ビッベ: [b i bː e] * グッバイ: [ɡ ɯ bː a i] * web会議: [w e bː ɯ k a i ɟ i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * t * Occurrences: 16837 * Examples * 海老鯛: [e b i t a i] * たがやす: [t a ɡ a j a s ɨ] * 蒲公英: [t a m p o p o] * パタゴニア: [p a t a ɡ o ɲ i a] * tː * Occurrences: 1366 * Examples * ネチケット: [n e tɕ i̥ k e tː o] * 伴って: [t o m o n a tː e] * さらって: [s a ɾ a tː e] * 上った: [n o b o tː a] * voiced * d * Occurrences: 8456 * Examples * ウガンダ: [ɯ ɡ a n d a] * 優柔不断: [j ɨː ʑ ɨː ɸ ɯ d a ɴ] * 見どころ: [m i d o k o ɾ o] * ウォード: [w oː d o] * dː * Occurrences: 99 * Examples * モペッド: [m o p e dː o] * アイポッド: [a i p o dː o] * ミルウッド: [m i ɾ ɯ ɯ dː o] * ゴッデム: [ɡ o dː e m ɯ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * c * Occurrences: 9552 * Examples * 絵描き: [e k a c i] * 支払機: [ɕ i h a ɾ a i c i] * 楽天的: [ɾ a k ɯ t e n t e c i] * きずいせん: [c i z ɨ i s e ɴ] * cː * Occurrences: 352 * Examples * いっきうち: [i cː i ɯ tɕ i] * はっき: [h a cː i] * 殺菌剤: [s a cː i n dz a i] * 中石器時代: [tɕ ɨː s e cː i ʑ i d a i] * voiced * ɟ * Occurrences: 2100 * Examples * 御する: [ɟ o s ɨ ɾ ɯ] * ぎゃくすう: [ɟ a k ɯ s ɨː] * きさらぎ: [c i̥ s a ɾ a ɟ i] * かいぎしつ: [k a i ɟ i ɕ i̥ ts ɨ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * k * Occurrences: 33491 * Examples * ネチケット: [n e tɕ i̥ k e tː o] * ldk: [e ɾ ɯ ʑ iː k eː] * 絵描き: [e k a c i] * いくら: [i k ɯ ɾ a] * kː * Occurrences: 1584 * Examples * ベック: [b e kː ɯ] * きゃっかん: [c a kː a ɴ] * バッカ: [b a kː a] * しっかり: [ɕ i̥ kː a ɾ i] * voiced * ɡ * Occurrences: 10172 * Examples * ウガンダ: [ɯ ɡ a n d a] * たがやす: [t a ɡ a j a s ɨ] * パタゴニア: [p a t a ɡ o ɲ i a] * 再来月: [s a ɾ a i ɡ e ts ɨ] * ɡː * Occurrences: 48 * Examples * すっごい: [s ɨ̥ ɡː o i] * ブルドッグ: [b ɯ ɾ ɯ d o ɡː ɯ] * ツィッギー: [ts i ɡː iː] * big: [b i ɡː ɯ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ʔ * Occurrences: 13 * Examples * いてっ: [i t e ʔ] * カサッ: [k a s a ʔ] * わるっ: [w a ɾ ɯ ʔ] * わあっ: [w aː ʔ] ``` * - {manner}`Affricate` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ts * Occurrences: 6666 * Examples * あつめる: [a ts ɨ m e ɾ ɯ] * 対立軸: [t a i ɾ i ts ɨ ʑ i k ɯ] * 再来月: [s a ɾ a i ɡ e ts ɨ] * きぬたこつ: [c i n ɯ t a k o ts ɨ] * tsː * Occurrences: 77 * Examples * ベッツ: [b a tsː ɨ] * みっつ: [m i tsː ɨ] * くっつく: [k ɯ̥ tsː ɨ k ɯ] * くっつける: [k ɯ̥ tsː ɨ k e ɾ ɯ] * voiced * dz * Occurrences: 1527 * Examples * ざまみろ: [dz a m a m i ɾ o] * メナンズ: [m e n a n dz ɨ] * ざんりゅう: [dz a ɲ ɾʲ ɨː] * 心臓麻痺: [ɕ i n dz oː m a ç i] * dzː * Occurrences: 6 * Examples * ドッズ: [d o dzː ɨ] * ヘッズ: [h e dzː ɯ] * グッズ: [ɡ ɯ dzː ɯ] * オッズ: [o dzː ɯ ɴ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * tɕ * Occurrences: 5565 * Examples * ネチケット: [n e tɕ i̥ k e tː o] * ベネチア: [b e n e tɕ i a] * 落ち度: [o tɕ i d o] * 一時停止: [i tɕ i ʑ i t eː ɕ i] * tɕː * Occurrences: 282 * Examples * マッチ: [m a tɕː i] * っちゃう: [tɕː a a ɯ] * いっち: [i tɕː i] * ニッチ: [ɲ i tɕː i] * voiced * dʑ * Occurrences: 3176 * Examples * じゅんや: [dʑ ɨ ɰ̃ j a] * インジウム: [i ɲ dʑ i ɯ m ɯ] * ジュール: [dʑ ɨː ɾ ɯ] * もんじん: [m o ɲ dʑ i ɴ] * dʑː * Occurrences: 34 * Examples * ホッジス: [h o dʑː i s ɨ] * ヘッジス: [h e dʑː i s ɨ] * ブリッジ: [b ɯ ɾ i dʑː i] * ハッジ: [h a dʑː i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Sibilant` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * s * Occurrences: 18766 * Examples * すしづめ: [s ɨ̥ ɕ i z ɨ m e] * たがやす: [t a ɡ a j a s ɨ] * せいたい: [s eː t a i] * こぼす: [k o b o s ɨ] * sː * Occurrences: 430 * Examples * ほっする: [h o sː ɨ ɾ ɯ] * じっせん: [dʑ i sː e ɴ] * 血清学: [k e sː eː ɡ a k ɯ] * いっすん: [i sː ɨ ɴ] * voiced * z * Occurrences: 3604 * Examples * すしづめ: [s ɨ̥ ɕ i z ɨ m e] * きずいせん: [c i z ɨ i s e ɴ] * 脊髄反射: [s e c i z ɨ i h a ɰ̃ ɕ a] * ふしぜん: [ɸ ɯ ɕ i z e ɴ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ɕ * Occurrences: 14528 * Examples * すしづめ: [s ɨ̥ ɕ i z ɨ m e] * 支払機: [ɕ i h a ɾ a i c i] * 観測者: [k a ɰ̃ s o k ɯ ɕ a] * 衝動買い: [ɕ oː d oː ɡ a i] * ɕː * Occurrences: 447 * Examples * れっし: [ɾ e ɕː i] * ぎっしゃ: [ɟ i ɕː a] * 夜行列車: [j a k oː ɾ e ɕː a] * まっしょう: [m a ɕː oː] * voiced * ʑ * Occurrences: 3858 * Examples * ldk: [e ɾ ɯ ʑ iː k eː] * 対立軸: [t a i ɾ i ts ɨ ʑ i k ɯ] * 優柔不断: [j ɨː ʑ ɨː ɸ ɯ d a ɴ] * くじゅう: [k ɯ ʑ ɨː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Fricative` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ɸ * Occurrences: 3342 * Examples * 優柔不断: [j ɨː ʑ ɨː ɸ ɯ d a ɴ] * フレスノ: [ɸ ɯ ɾ e s ɨ n o] * アフガン: [a ɸ ɯ ɡ a ɴ] * フクシア: [ɸ ɯ̥ k ɯ ɕ i a] * ɸʲ * Occurrences: 7 * Examples * フュール: [ɸʲ ɨː ɾ ɯ] * フューリー: [ɸʲ ɨː ɾ iː] * ɸː * Occurrences: 18 * Examples * ハッフル: [h a ɸː ɯ ɾ ɯ] * スタッフ: [s ɨ̥ t a ɸː ɯ] * シャッフル: [ɕ a ɸː ɯ ɾ ɯ] * イッフィー: [i ɸː iː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiced * v * Occurrences: 198 * Examples * ヴァレーゼ: [v a ɾ eː z e] * マハデヴィ: [m a h a d e v i] * ヴィシュヌ: [v i ɕ ɨ n ɯ] * マクヴィ: [m a k ɯ v i] * vʲ * Occurrences: 4 * Examples ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ç * Occurrences: 2587 * Examples * 心臓麻痺: [ɕ i n dz oː m a ç i] * 飛行士: [ç i̥ k oː ɕ i] * ショーヒン: [ɕ oː ç i ɴ] * 手のひら: [t e n o ç i ɾ a] * çː * Occurrences: 3 * Examples ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * h * Occurrences: 6282 * Examples * 支払機: [ɕ i h a ɾ a i c i] * 脊髄反射: [s e c i z ɨ i h a ɰ̃ ɕ a] * はしごしゃ: [h a ɕ i ɡ o ɕ a] * くみはん: [k ɯ m i h a ɴ] * hː * Occurrences: 5 * Examples * ゼンパッハ: [dz e m p a hː a] * ウンバッハ: [ɯ m b a hː a] * ゴッホ: [ɡ o hː o] * ゲルラッハ: [ɡ e ɾ ɯ ɾ a hː a] ``` * - {manner}`Approximant` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * w * Occurrences: 3155 * Examples * ウォード: [w oː d o] * 訳あり: [w a k e a ɾ i] * ためらわ: [t a m e ɾ a w a] * 我が家: [w a ɡ a j a] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * j * Occurrences: 6118 * Examples * たがやす: [t a ɡ a j a s ɨ] * 優柔不断: [j ɨː ʑ ɨː ɸ ɯ d a ɴ] * やまいだれ: [j a m a i d a ɾ e] * ぬるま湯: [n ɯ ɾ ɯ m a j ɨ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɰ̃ * Occurrences: 3962 * Examples * 観測者: [k a ɰ̃ s o k ɯ ɕ a] * 脊髄反射: [s e c i z ɨ i h a ɰ̃ ɕ a] * フェンス: [ɸ e ɰ̃ s ɨ] * じゅんや: [dʑ ɨ ɰ̃ j a] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Tap` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɾ * Occurrences: 24817 * Examples * ldk: [e ɾ ɯ ʑ iː k eː] * いくら: [i k ɯ ɾ a] * あつめる: [a ts ɨ m e ɾ ɯ] * 対立軸: [t a i ɾ i ts ɨ ʑ i k ɯ] * ɾʲ * Occurrences: 1264 * Examples * ざんりゅう: [dz a ɲ ɾʲ ɨː] * りゅうおん: [ɾʲ ɨː o ɴ] * 荒療治: [a ɾ a ɾʲ oː ʑ i] * 円電流: [e n d e ɲ ɾʲ ɨː] * ɾː * Occurrences: 4 * Examples * ビツェッリ: [b i ts e ɾː i] * バガレッラ: [b a ɡ a ɾ e ɾː a] * チッリ: [tɕ i ɾː i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` `````` ### Vowels Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded. ``````{list-table} :header-rows: 1 :stub-columns: 1 :class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered * - - Front - Near-Front - Central - Near-Back - Back * - Close - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * i * Occurrences: 52344 * Examples * 海老鯛: [e b i t a i] * すしづめ: [s ɨ̥ ɕ i z ɨ m e] * 絵描き: [e k a c i] * いくら: [i k ɯ ɾ a] * iː * Occurrences: 2512 * Examples * ldk: [e ɾ ɯ ʑ iː k eː] * ときいろ: [t o c iː ɾ o] * いちいち: [i tɕ iː tɕ i] * 差し入れ: [s a ɕ iː ɾ e] * i̥ * Occurrences: 3261 * Examples * ネチケット: [n e tɕ i̥ k e tː o] * きさらぎ: [c i̥ s a ɾ a ɟ i] * 位相幾何学: [i s oː c i̥ k a ɡ a k ɯ] * かいぎしつ: [k a i ɟ i ɕ i̥ ts ɨ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɨ * Occurrences: 14309 * Examples * すしづめ: [s ɨ̥ ɕ i z ɨ m e] * たがやす: [t a ɡ a j a s ɨ] * あつめる: [a ts ɨ m e ɾ ɯ] * 対立軸: [t a i ɾ i ts ɨ ʑ i k ɯ] * ɨː * Occurrences: 4540 * Examples * 優柔不断: [j ɨː ʑ ɨː ɸ ɯ d a ɴ] * くじゅう: [k ɯ ʑ ɨː] * ざんりゅう: [dz a ɲ ɾʲ ɨː] * ぎゃくすう: [ɟ a k ɯ s ɨː] * ɨ̥ * Occurrences: 2906 * Examples * すしづめ: [s ɨ̥ ɕ i z ɨ m e] * すっごい: [s ɨ̥ ɡː o i] * ステラー: [s ɨ̥ t e ɾ aː] * 捨て仮名: [s ɨ̥ t e ɡ a n a] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɯ * Occurrences: 30079 * Examples * ウガンダ: [ɯ ɡ a n d a] * ldk: [e ɾ ɯ ʑ iː k eː] * いくら: [i k ɯ ɾ a] * あつめる: [a ts ɨ m e ɾ ɯ] * ɯː * Occurrences: 729 * Examples * ルール: [ɾ ɯː ɾ ɯ] * クーパー: [k ɯː p aː] * たいぐう: [t a i ɡ ɯː] * ナブーム: [n a b ɯː m ɯ] * ɯ̥ * Occurrences: 1989 * Examples * フクシア: [ɸ ɯ̥ k ɯ ɕ i a] * 説き伏せる: [t o c i ɸ ɯ̥ s e ɾ ɯ] * ふくつ: [ɸ ɯ̥ k ɯ ts ɨ] * やくしゃ: [j a k ɯ̥ ɕ a] ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Close-Mid - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * e * Occurrences: 25791 * Examples * ネチケット: [n e tɕ i̥ k e tː o] * ldk: [e ɾ ɯ ʑ iː k eː] * 海老鯛: [e b i t a i] * すしづめ: [s ɨ̥ ɕ i z ɨ m e] * eː * Occurrences: 6428 * Examples * ldk: [e ɾ ɯ ʑ iː k eː] * せいたい: [s eː t a i] * キャンデー: [c a n d eː] * 神経学: [ɕ i ŋ k eː ɡ a k ɯ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * o * Occurrences: 34252 * Examples * ネチケット: [n e tɕ i̥ k e tː o] * 蒲公英: [t a m p o p o] * パタゴニア: [p a t a ɡ o ɲ i a] * こぼす: [k o b o s ɨ] * oː * Occurrences: 17658 * Examples * ウォード: [w oː d o] * 衝動買い: [ɕ oː d oː ɡ a i] * 運動会: [ɯ n d oː k a i] * とおり: [t oː ɾ i] ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Open-Mid - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Open - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * a * Occurrences: 64942 * Examples * ウガンダ: [ɯ ɡ a n d a] * 海老鯛: [e b i t a i] * たがやす: [t a ɡ a j a s ɨ] * 絵描き: [e k a c i] * aː * Occurrences: 2382 * Examples * ステラー: [s ɨ̥ t e ɾ aː] * ハイパー: [h a i p aː] * ステッカー: [s ɨ̥ t e kː aː] * ペッパー: [p e pː aː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` ``````